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楼主: linsen

[经验交流] [转帖]超超临界发电技术:我国火力发电发展的选择

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 楼主| 发表于 2007-12-19 15:53:29 | 显示全部楼层
<SPAN>2.2 </SPAN><SPAN>单机容量大,运行可靠性好</SPAN><SPAN><BR></SPAN><SPAN>b&nbsp;&nbsp; 超超临界机组的单机容量可以达到</SPAN><SPAN>1000MW </SPAN><SPAN>以上,目前运行的最高容量为</SPAN><SPAN>1300MW</SPAN><SPAN>,相对于其</SPAN><SPAN>他洁净煤发电技术,很大程度上降低了机组的单位造价。</SPAN><SPAN><BR></SPAN><SPAN>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 从国外超超临界机组运行情况看,超超临界发电技术已经比较成熟,相对于目前的洁净煤发电</SPAN><SPAN>技术,超超临界机组运行可靠性最高。</SPAN><SPAN><BR><BR></SPAN>
 楼主| 发表于 2007-12-19 15:54:18 | 显示全部楼层
<SPAN>2.3 </SPAN><SPAN>污染排放小</SPAN><SPAN><BR></SPAN><SPAN>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 超超临界机组烟气净化系统包括除尘、脱硝、脱硫过程,降低污染物的排放。</SPAN><SPAN><BR></SPAN><SPAN>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 烟气通过静电除尘器后,含尘量小于</SPAN><SPAN>50mg/m3(</SPAN><SPAN>标准状态</SPAN><SPAN>)</SPAN><SPAN>,除尘效率大于</SPAN><SPAN>99.9%</SPAN><SPAN>。烟气通过</SPAN><SPAN>SCR</SPAN><SPAN>脱硝反应装置,净化后</SPAN><SPAN>NOx </SPAN><SPAN>含量小于</SPAN><SPAN>40mg/MJ</SPAN><SPAN>,脱硝效率在</SPAN><SPAN>80%</SPAN><SPAN>以上。脱硫系统通过石灰和生石灰,</SPAN><SPAN>吸附大部分的硫的氧化物。</SPAN><SPAN><BR><BR></SPAN>
 楼主| 发表于 2007-12-19 15:55:29 | 显示全部楼层
<SPAN>3 </SPAN><SPAN>新型耐高温金属材料在超超临界机组中的应用</SPAN><SPAN><BR></SPAN><SPAN>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 超超临界机组蒸汽压力和温度的提高对关键部件材料带来更高的要求,尤其是材料的高温强度</SPAN><SPAN>性能、抗高温腐蚀和氧化性能以及高温疲劳蠕变性能,表现在锅炉过热器、再热器、联箱、主蒸汽</SPAN><SPAN>管道、水冷壁管材料高温持久强度,烟气侧腐蚀将大幅度上升,蒸汽侧氧化加剧,机组厚壁部件在</SPAN><SPAN>启停、负荷变动时引起的热应力等等。美国、欧洲、日本等国对耐高温材料进行了大量的研究</SPAN><SPAN>[6-9]</SPAN><SPAN>。</SPAN><SPAN>低合金钢(</SPAN><SPAN>1%</SPAN><SPAN>~</SPAN><SPAN>3%</SPAN><SPAN>)包括</SPAN><SPAN>11</SPAN><SPAN>、</SPAN><SPAN>22</SPAN><SPAN>、</SPAN><SPAN>12Cr1MoV </SPAN><SPAN>和汽轮机材料</SPAN><SPAN>1CrMoV</SPAN><SPAN>,日本开发的</SPAN><SPAN>T/P23</SPAN><SPAN>在</SPAN><SPAN>T22 </SPAN><SPAN>基础上添加</SPAN><SPAN>Nb</SPAN><SPAN>、</SPAN><SPAN>V </SPAN><SPAN>提高了蠕变强度。欧洲开发了</SPAN><SPAN>T/P24 </SPAN><SPAN>通过</SPAN><SPAN>V</SPAN><SPAN>、</SPAN><SPAN>Ti</SPAN><SPAN>、</SPAN><SPAN>B </SPAN><SPAN>多元微合金化提高蠕</SPAN><SPAN>变性能。</SPAN><SPAN>T23 </SPAN><SPAN>和</SPAN><SPAN>T24 </SPAN><SPAN>具有优异的焊接性能,适合超超临界机组的水冷壁材料。</SPAN><SPAN><BR><BR></SPAN>
 楼主| 发表于 2007-12-19 15:56:42 | 显示全部楼层
<SPAN>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 9%</SPAN><SPAN>~</SPAN><SPAN>12%Cr </SPAN><SPAN>马氏体钢用于蒸汽管道、联箱、锅炉管、汽缸、转子等部件。</SPAN><SPAN>T/P91 </SPAN><SPAN>钢是美国在上</SPAN><SPAN>世纪</SPAN><SPAN>80 </SPAN><SPAN>年代开发的一种综合性能优异的</SPAN><SPAN>9</SPAN><SPAN>%</SPAN><SPAN>Cr </SPAN><SPAN>钢,在我国的亚临界和超临界机组上得到广泛应用。</SPAN><SPAN><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T/P92 </SPAN><SPAN>和</SPAN><SPAN>E911 </SPAN><SPAN>钢是在</SPAN><SPAN>91 </SPAN><SPAN>钢的基础上通过以</SPAN><SPAN>W </SPAN><SPAN>取代部分</SPAN><SPAN>Mo </SPAN><SPAN>获得的,与</SPAN><SPAN>122 </SPAN><SPAN>钢都是目前超超临界</SPAN><SPAN>机组的联箱和蒸汽管道的主要材料。日本开发的</SPAN><SPAN>12CrMoVNb </SPAN><SPAN>系列</SPAN><SPAN>TMK1 </SPAN><SPAN>和</SPAN><SPAN>TMK2 </SPAN><SPAN>已用于日本</SPAN><SPAN>593</SPAN><SPAN>℃</SPAN><SPAN>以上的超临界机组。欧洲开发</SPAN><SPAN>10.5CrMoVNbWN(COST E)</SPAN><SPAN>和</SPAN><SPAN>10.2CrMoVNbN(COST F)</SPAN><SPAN>等系列转子钢</SPAN><SPAN>也已应用于超超临界机组。</SPAN><SPAN><BR><BR></SPAN>
 楼主| 发表于 2007-12-19 15:57:32 | 显示全部楼层
<SPAN>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 奥氏体耐热钢主要用于过热器、再热器。</SPAN><SPAN>TP347H </SPAN><SPAN>具有较高的蠕变强度和抗氧化能力,在国外超</SPAN><SPAN>超临界机组中得到了大量应用。</SPAN><SPAN>20%</SPAN><SPAN>~</SPAN><SPAN>25%Cr </SPAN><SPAN>钢和高</SPAN><SPAN>Cr </SPAN><SPAN>高</SPAN><SPAN>Ni </SPAN><SPAN>钢抗腐蚀、抗氧化性能很好,但价格</SPAN><SPAN>过于昂贵限制了其使用,</SPAN><SPAN>TP310NbN</SPAN><SPAN>、</SPAN><SPAN>NF709</SPAN><SPAN>、</SPAN><SPAN>SE 25 </SPAN><SPAN>通过奥氏体稳定元素</SPAN><SPAN>N</SPAN><SPAN>、</SPAN><SPAN>Cu </SPAN><SPAN>取代</SPAN><SPAN>Ni </SPAN><SPAN>降低了</SPAN><SPAN>成本。</SPAN><SPAN><BR><BR></SPAN>
发表于 2007-12-19 21:43:26 | 显示全部楼层
奥氏体耐热钢主要用于过热器、再热器。<SPAN>TP347H </SPAN><SPAN>具有较高的蠕变强度和抗氧化能力,在国外超</SPAN><SPAN>超临界机组中得到了大量应用。</SPAN><SPAN>20%</SPAN><SPAN>~</SPAN><SPAN>25%Cr </SPAN><SPAN>钢和高</SPAN><SPAN>Cr </SPAN><SPAN>高</SPAN><SPAN>Ni </SPAN><SPAN>钢抗腐蚀、抗氧化性能很好,但价格</SPAN><SPAN>过于昂贵限制了其使用,</SPAN><SPAN>TP310NbN</SPAN><SPAN>、</SPAN><SPAN>NF709</SPAN><SPAN>、</SPAN><SPAN>SE 25 </SPAN><SPAN>通过奥氏体稳定元素</SPAN><SPAN>N</SPAN><SPAN>、</SPAN><SPAN>Cu </SPAN><SPAN>取代</SPAN><SPAN>Ni </SPAN><SPAN>降低了</SPAN><SPAN>成本。</SPAN><SPAN><BR></SPAN>
发表于 2007-12-21 17:42:27 | 显示全部楼层
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