钎焊手册第3版 Handbook of Brazing and Solderin

test · 发表于 2020-6-16 14:11:19

钎焊手册/张启运，庄鸿寿主编.—3版.—北京：
机械工业出版社，2017.9
　这是一本应用理论和实际工作经验总结并重的工具书。全书以被钎焊的母材为主线进行叙述：对铝、铜、碳钢、铸铁、不锈钢、高温合金、难熔金属、钛、锆、铍、镁、硬质合金、金刚石工具、半导体、陶瓷、贵金属、复合材料、特种材料的钎焊，包括部分材料的软钎焊都进行了详尽的介绍。参加本手册每一章编写的作者，都是在该领域中有多年工作经验和科研成果的专家和技术人员，他们在第2版的基础上，收集了大量的资料，进行了修订或重写，因此本书内容有一定的深度和广度。
书中还加强了应用理论的阐述，特别是在第1章绪论中将界面传质理论通俗地引入钎焊领域，并用以阐明和控制钎焊过程，有较新的意义。
目录  Contents
第1章  绪论  Chapter 1  Introduction
1.1  钎焊方法的原理和特点  Princi-ple and Characteristic of Brazing and Soldering Technique
1.2  熔态钎料对固体母材的润湿和铺展  Wetting and Spreading of Molten Filler Metal on a Solid Base Metal
      1.2.1  固体金属的表面结构  The Surface Structure of Solid Metal
      1.2.2  熔态钎料与固体母材的润湿  Wet-ting of Molten Filler on Solid Base Metal
      1.2.3  熔态钎料在钎剂（第二液体）中与母材间界面张力的变化  Change of Interfacial Tension between Molten Filler and Base Metal Immersed in a Fused Flux（a second liquid）
      1.2.4  金属母材表面的氧化膜及其去除机制  Oxide Film on Base Metal and its Removal Mechanism
      1.2.5  熔态钎料在固体母材上的铺展  Spreading of Molten Fille rMetal on Solid Base Metal
1.3  熔态钎料与固体母材的相互作用  Reaction of Molten Filler with Solid Base Metal
      1.3.1  熔态金属与固体金属的相互作用  Reaction of Molten Metal with Solid Metal
      1.3.2  钎料的构成  Construction of Filler Metals
      1.3.3  熔态钎料在母材间隙中的流动和钎缝结构的不均匀性  Flowing of Molten Filler Metal in the Clear-ance of Base Metals as well as Inho-mogeneity of the Formed Fillet
      1.3.4  熔析与熔蚀  Liquation and Erosion
1.4  钎缝中熔态钎料的凝固和钎缝的金相组织  Solidification of Mol-ten Filler Metal in Clearance and the Micrographic Structure of the Fillet
      1.4.1  共晶钎缝组织  The Structure of Eutectic Fillet
      1.4.2  晶间渗透组织  The Fillet Structure with Intercrystalline Penetration
      1.4.3  有化合物生成的钎缝组织  The Fil-let Structure with Intermetallics
1.5  钎剂、钎料的选择与搭配  Se-lection and Matching of Fluxes with Filler Metals
      1.5.1  钎剂的选择  Selection of Fluxes
      1.5.2  钎料的选择  Selection of Filler Metals
      1.5.3  钎剂和钎料的搭配  Matching of Filler Metal with Flux
1.6  钎焊工艺  Technology of Bra-zing and Soldering
      1.6.1  接头的形式与钎料在钎缝中的流动性  Joint Types and Flowability of Molten Filler Metal in the Clearance
      1.6.2  加热方法  Methods for Heating
      1.6.3  工件的升温速度和冷却速度  Heating and Cooling Rate of Workpieces in Brazing Process
      1.6.4  钎焊接头的保温处理和结构的弥散  Annealing for Brazed Joints and Structure Dispersion in the Fillet
第2章  铝及铝合金的钎焊  Chapter 2  Brazing and Soldering of Aluminum and its Alloys
2.1  概述  Introduction
2.2  铝及铝合金的编号  Designations of Aluminum and its Alloys
2.3  铝及铝合金的理化性能  Physi-cal and Chemical Properties of Aluminum and its Alloys
      2.3.1  铝及铝合金的物理性能  Physical Properties of Aluminum and its Al-loys
      2.3.2  铝及铝合金的化学性能  Chemical Properties of Aluminum and its Al-loys
2.4  铝氧化膜的本质及其在加热时的变化  Nature of Oxide Film on Alu-minum and its Change during Heating
2.5  铝钎剂  Fluxes for Aluminum Brazing and Soldering
      2.5.1  铝的硬钎剂  Fluxes for Aluminum Brazing
      2.5.2  铝的软钎剂  Fluxes for Aluminum Soldering
2.6  钎焊时铝氧化膜的脱除机制  Re-moval Mechanism of Oxide Film on Aluminum during Brazing
      2.6.1  铝氧化膜与熔盐钎剂的相互作用  Interaction of Oxide Film on Alumi-num with Molten Salt Flux
      2.6.2  真空环境下金属蒸气对铝氧化膜的破坏  Disruption of Oxide Film on Aluminum by Metal Vapor in Vacu-um Environment
2.7  铝钎料  Brazing Filler Metals and Solders for AluminumAlloys
      2.7.1  Al-Si系钎料（液相线温度范围570～630℃）  Filler Metals of Al-Si Series（melting range 570～630℃）
      2.7.2  Al-Si-Cu-Zn系钎料（液相线温度范围500～577℃）  Filler Metals of Al-Si-Cu-Zn Series（melting range 500～577℃）
      2.7.3  Al-Cu-Ag-Zn系钎料（液相线温度范围400～500℃）  Filler Metals of Al-Cu-Ag-Zn Series（melting range 400～500℃）
      2.7.4  Al-Ge-Si系钎料（液相线温度范围425～500℃）  Filler Metals of Al-Ge-Si Series（melting range 425～500℃）
      2.7.5  Zn-Al系钎料（液相线温度范围382～400℃）  Solders of Zn-Al Se-ries（melting range 382～400℃）
      2.7.6  Cd-Zn系钎料（液相线温度范围265～350℃） Solders of Cd-Zn Series（melting range 265～350℃）
      2.7.7  Sn-Zn系钎料（液相线温度范围198～260℃）  Solders of Sn-Zn Se-ries（melting range 198～260℃）
      2.7.8  Sn-Pb系钎料（液相线温度范围183～270℃）  Solders of Sn-Pb Series（melting range 183～270℃）
      2.7.9  Pb-Bi系钎料（液相线温度范围124～200℃）  Solders of Pb-Bi Series（melting range 124～200℃）
2.8  铝的复合钎焊材料  Composite Fillers for Aluminum Brazing or Soldering
      2.8.1  铝钎焊板  Aluminum Brazing Sheets
      2.8.2  药芯及药皮铝钎焊丝  Flux Cored and Flux Coated Filler Metals for Aluminum Brazing or Soldering
      2.8.3  钎料-钎剂粉烧结的复合铝钎焊条（丝）  Composites of Sintered Pow-der Filler Metals with Flux for Alu-minum Brazing
      2.8.4  铝钎料膏  Aluminum Brazing Paste
2.9  铝钎焊中的一些特殊技艺  Some Special Skills in Alumi-num Brazing and Soldering
      2.9.1  用金属镓来作为界面活性剂进行铝合金零件的精密扩散钎焊  Gallium Used as a Surfactant for Precise Soldering of Aluminum Alloy Parts
      2.9.2  用锗粉进行铝合金的无钎剂扩散钎焊  Fluxless Diffusion Brazing of Aluminum Alloys with Germani-um Powders[22]
      2.9.3  铝及铝合金的表面软钎焊钎涂改性  Surface Modification of Aluminum Alloys by Solder-coating
      2.9.4  铝的自钎软钎  Self-solde-ring Flux Used for Soldering Alumi-num Alloy Parts
      2.9.5  铝合金面上敷以Nocolok钎剂-硅粉-合成树脂复合涂层  A Composite Coating on Aluminum Alloys Made by Resinized Silicon and Nocolok Flux
2.10  铝钎焊的焊前准备和焊后处理
      2.10.1  接头和夹具的设计  Joint and Jig Design
      2.10.2  工件的预清洗  Pre-cleaning ofWorkpieces to be Brazed
      2.10.3  工件焊后的清洗  Post-braze Cleaning of Workpieces
      2.10.4  镀覆  Finishing
第3章  铜和铜合金的钎焊  Chapter 3  Brazing and Soldering of Copper and Copper Alloys
3.1  概述  Introduction
3.2  钎焊性  Brazability and Solder-ability
      3.2.1  纯铜  Copper
      3.2.2  普通黄铜  Brasses
      3.2.3  锡黄铜  Tin Brasses
      3.2.4  铅黄铜  Leaded Brasses
      3.2.5  锰黄铜  Manganese Brasses
      3.2.6  锡青铜  Tin Bronzes
      3.2.7  铝青铜  Aluminum Bronzes
      3.2.8  铍铜  Beryllium Copper
      3.2.9  硅青铜  Silicon Bronzes
      3.2.10  铬铜和镉铜  Chromium Copper and Cadmium Copper
      3.2.11  白铜合金  Copper-nickel Alloys
3.3  钎焊接头间隙  Clearance of Brazed Joint
3.4  软钎料  Solders
      3.4.1  镓基钎料  Gallium Based Solders
      3.4.2  铋基钎料  Bismuth Based Solders
      3.4.3  铟基钎料  Indium Based Solders
      3.4.4  锡铅钎料  Tin Lead Solders
      3.4.5  无铅钎料  Lead Free Solders
      3.4.6  高温锡钎料  High Temperature Tin Solders
      3.4.7  铅基钎料  Lead Based Solders
      3.4.8  镉基钎料  Cadmium Based Solders
      3.4.9  金基软钎料  Gold Based Solders
3.5  硬钎料  Brazing Filler Metals
      3.5.1  对钎料的基本要求  Demands on Brazing Filler Metals
      3.5.2  钎料的分类  Classification of Bra-zing Filler Metals
      3.5.3  钎料的型号与牌号  Designations of Brazing Filler Metals
      3.5.4  银钎料  Silver Filler Metals
      3.5.5  低银钎料  Low Silver Based Filler Metals
      3.5.6  铜磷钎料  Copper-phosphorus Fill-er Metals
3.6  钎剂  Fluxes
      3.6.1  钎剂的功能  Functions of Brazing Fluxes
      3.6.2  对钎剂的基本要求  Demands on Brazing Fluxes
      3.6.3  钎剂的分类及型号  Classification and Type of Fluxes
3.7  软钎剂  Soldering Fluxes
      3.7.1  腐蚀性钎剂  Corrosive Fluxes
      3.7.2  弱腐蚀性钎剂  Medial Corrosive Fluxes
      3.7.3  无腐蚀性钎剂  Non-corrosive Flu-xes
3.8  硬钎剂  Brazing Fluxes
3.9  表面准备  Surface Preparation
3.10  接头设计  Joint Design
3.11  钎焊方法和工艺  Methods andTechnology of Soldering and Brazing
      3.11.1  铜  Copper
      3.11.2  黄铜  Brasses
      3.11.3  铜和黄铜软钎焊接头强度  The Strength of Copper and Brass Sold- ered Joints
      3.11.4  锰黄铜  Manganese Brasses
      3.11.5  铍铜  Beryllium Copper
      3.11.6  铬铜  Chromium Copper
      3.11.7  镉铜和锡青铜  Cadmium Copper and Tin Bronzes
      3.11.8  硅青铜  Silicon Bronzes
      3.11.9  铝青铜  Aluminum Bronzes
      3.11.10  锌白铜和锰白铜  Copper-nickel Alloys
第4章  电子工业中的软钎焊  Chapter 4  Soldering in Electronic Industry
4.1  电子制造与软钎焊  Electronic
      4.1.1  软钎焊在电子工业中的地位  The  Position of Soldering Technique inElectronic Industry
      4.1.2  电子制造与电子封装  Electronic Manufacture and Electronic Packa- ging
      4.1.3  电子工业中钎焊连接的特点及发展历程  The Characteristic and De- velopment Course of Soldering Technique in Electronic Industry
4.2  软钎焊连接的基本原理  Fun-damental of Soldering
      4.2.1  软钎焊的定义  Definition of Solde-ring
      4.2.2  钎料与母材间的相互作用  Interac-tion Between Solder and Base Metal
      4.2.3  软钎焊性  Solderability
      4.2.4  影响电子元器件软钎焊性的因素  Influence Factors on Solderability of Electronic Components
      4.2.5  钎焊性的测试与评价  Solderability Testing and Evaluation
4.3  软钎料合金  Solder Alloys
      4.3.1  锡铅钎料  Tin-lead Solders
      4.3.2  无铅钎料  Lead-free Solders
4.4  软钎剂  Soldering Fluxes
      4.4.1  软钎剂反应原理  Fundamental of the Reaction of Soldering Flux
      4.4.2  软钎剂的分类  Classification of Soldering Flux
      4.4.3  软钎剂的组成  Composition of SoIdering FIux
4.5  钎料膏与药芯软钎焊丝  Solder Paste and Flux-cored Solder Wire
      4.5.1  钎料膏的分类  Classification of Solder Paste
      4.5.2  钎料膏的组成  Composition of Solder Paste
      4.5.3  典型钎料膏配方  Typical Compo-sitions of Solder Paste
      4.5.4  钎料膏的性能  Properties of Solder Paste
      4.5.5  钎料膏的选用  Selection of Solder Paste
      4.5.6  药芯软钎焊丝  Flux-cored Solder Wire
4.6  电子组装技术  Electronic As-sembling Technology
      4.6.1  电子组装概述  Introduction of El-ectronic Assembly
      4.6.2  印刷技术  Solder Paste Print
      4.6.3  贴片技术  Pick and Place
      4.6.4  再流焊  Reflow
      4.6.5  波峰焊  Wave Soldering
      4.6.6  返修技术  Rework
      4.6.7  选择性焊接技术  Selective Solde-ring
      4.6.8  通孔再流焊接技术  Through-hole Reflow
4.7  倒装芯片技术  Flip-chip
      4.7.1  倒装芯片简介  Introduction of Flip-chip
      4.7.2  软钎料凸点  Solder Bump
      4.7.3  倒装焊工艺  Flip-chip Bonded Process
第5章  碳钢、铸铁的钎焊  Chapter 5  Brazing and Soldering of Carbon Steels and Cast Iron
5.1  碳钢的钎焊性  Brazability and Solderability of Carbon Steels
5.2  碳钢的表面清理  Surface Prep-aration of Steels
5.3  碳钢的软钎焊  Soldering of Steels
5.4  碳钢的硬钎焊  Brazing of Steels
      5.4.1  还原性气氛  Reduction Atmospheres
      5.4.2  惰性气体  Inert Gas
      5.4.3  真空  Vacuum
5.5  钎焊工艺  Technology of Brazing
      5.5.1  铜钎料  Copper Filler Metals
      5.5.2  铜锡钎料  Copper-tin Filler Metals
      5.5.3  铜锌钎料  Copper-zinc Filler Metals
      5.5.4  银钎料  Silver Filler Metals
      5.5.5  复合钎料  Composite Brazing Alloys
      5.5.6  钎焊接头强度  Strength of Brazed Joints
5.6  铸铁的钎焊  Brazing of Cast Iron
      5.6.1  概述  Introduction
      5.6.2  铸铁的钎焊性  Brazability of Cast Iron
      5.6.3  钎焊工艺  Technology of Brazing
第6章  不锈钢的钎焊  Chapter 6  Brazing and Soldering of Stainless Steels
6.1  概述  Introduction
6.2  不锈钢的钎焊性  Brazability and Solderability of Stainless Steels
6.3  表面准备  Surface Preparation
6.4  不锈钢的软钎焊  Soldering of Stainless Steels
6.5  不锈钢的硬钎焊  Brazing of Stainless Steels
      6.5.1  银钎料  Silver Filler Metals
      6.5.2  高温铜基钎料  High Temperature Copper Based Filler Metals
      6.5.3  锰基钎料  Manganese Based Filler Metals
      6.5.4  镍基钎料  Nickel Based Filler Met- als
      6.5.5  非晶态镍基钎料  Amorphous
      6.5.6  铁基钎料  Iron Based Brazing Al-loys
      6.5.7  金基钎料  Gold Based Filler Metals
      6.5.8  含钯钎料  Palladium-bearing Filler Metals
      6.5.9  硬钎剂  Brazing Fluxes
      6.5.10  硬钎焊工艺  Technology for Bra-zing of Stainless Steels
第7章  高温合金的钎焊  Chapter 7  Brazing of High Temperature Alloys
7.1  概述  Introduction
7.2  钎焊性  Brazability
7.3  钎料  Brazing Filler Metals
      7.3.1  银钎料  Silver Filler Metals
      7.3.2  铜基钎料  Copper Based Filler Metals
      7.3.3  镍基钎料  Nickel Based Filler Metals
      7.3.4  活性扩散钎焊钎料  Activated Dif- fusion Brazing Filler Metals
7.4  钎焊工艺  Brazing Technology of High Temperature Alloys
7.5  TD-Ni的钎焊  Brazing of TD- Ni
7.6  瞬态液相连接  Transient Liq-uid Phase Bonding
      7.6.1  瞬态液相连接的过程  Transient Liquid Phase Bonding Process
      7.6.2  瞬态液相连接的参数  Parameters of the Transient Liquid Phase Bond- ing
7.7  大间隙钎焊  Wide-gap Brazing
      7.7.1  混合粉末法  Brazing with Mixed Powders
      7.7.2  预填高熔点粉末法  Preplacement with High Melting Point Powders
第8章  难熔金属钨、钼、钽、铌的钎焊  Chapter 8  Brazing of Refractory Metals：Tungsten，Molybdenum，Tantalum and Niobium
8.1  概述  Introduction
8.2  钨、钼、钽、铌及其合金的性能和牌号  Properties and Desig-nations of Tungsten，Molybde- num，Tantalum，Niobium and its Alloys
      8.2.1  钨、钼、钽、铌及其合金的物理及力学性能  Physical and Mechani- cal Properties of Tungsten，Molyb-denum，Tantalum，Niobium and its Alloys
      8.2.2  钨、钼、钽、铌及其合金牌号  Designations of Tungsten，Molyb-
8.3  钨、钼、钽、铌的钎焊性  Brazability of Tungsten，Mo-lybdenum，Tantalum and Nio-bium
      8.3.1  材料的再结晶温度  Recrystalliza-tion Temperature for Refractory Metals
      8.3.2  周围介质的作用  Effect of the Atmosphere
8.4  难熔金属的焊前准备  Surface Preparation for Brazing Refrac- tory Metals
      8.4.1  脱脂  Degreasing
      8.4.2  钨、钼金属的化学清洗方法  Chem-ical Cleaning Methods for Tungsten and Molybdenum
      8.4.3  钽、铌金属的化学清洗方法  Chem-ical Cleaning Methods for Tantalum and Niobium
8.5  难熔金属的钎焊  Brazing of Refractory Metals
      8.5.1  钨、钼及其合金的钎焊  Brazing ofTungsten，Molybdenum and its Alloys
      8.5.2  钽及钽合金的钎焊  Brazing of Tantalum and its Alloys
      8.5.3  铌及铌合金的钎焊  Brazing of Ni- obium and its Alloys
      8.5.4  异种难熔金属以及难熔金属同其他材料的钎焊  Brazing of Dissimilar Refractory Metals and Brazing of Refractory Metals with Other Al-loys
8.6  钨、钼、钽、铌钎焊接头的应用Applications of Brazed Joints of Tungsten，Molybdenum，Tan-talum and Niobium
第9章  钛、锆及其合金的钎焊  Chapter 9  Brazing of Titanium，Zirconium and Their Alloys
9.1  概述  Introduction
9.2  钛、锆及其合金的理化特性及分类  Physical and Chemical Properties and Classifications of Titanium，Zirconium and their Alloys
      9.2.1  钛及其合金的理化特性及分类  Physical，Chemical Properties and Classifications of Titanium and its Alloys
      9.2.2  锆及其合金的理化特性及分类  Physical and Chemical Properties and Classifications of Zirconium and its Alloys
9.3  钛、锆及其合金钎焊特点  Bra-zing Characteristics of Titani-um，Zirconium and their Alloys
9.4  钎料  Filler Metals
      9.4.1  钛及其合金用钎料  Filler Metals for Brazing Titanium and its Alloys
      9.4.2  锆及其合金钎焊用钎料  Filler Metals for Brazing Zirconium and its Alloys
9.5  钎焊方法和设备  Brazing Methods and Equipments
9.6  钎焊前清理和表面准备  Clean- ing and Surface Preparation for Workpiece to be Brazed
9.7  钎剂和保护气氛  Fluxes and Protective Atmospheres
9.8  钛合金与其他材料的钎焊  Brazing of Titanium Alloys to other Materials
      9.8.1  钛与铝的钎焊  Brazing Titanium to Aluminum
      9.8.2  钛与不锈钢的钎焊  Brazing Titani-um to Stainless Steel
      9.8.3  钛与铜的钎焊  Brazing Titanium to Copper
      9.8.4  钛与铍的钎焊  Brazing Titanium to Beryllium
      9.8.5  钛与陶瓷的钎焊  Brazing Titani-um to Ceramics
9.9  钛合金钎焊技术的发展  Deve-lopments in Brazing Technique of Titanium Alloys
      9.9.1  焊接钎焊  Weld-brazing
      9.9.2  瞬间液相扩散焊  Transient Liquid
      9.9.3  液相界面扩散焊  Liquid Interface Diffusion Bonding
9.10  应用  Applications
      9.10.1  钛及钛合金钎焊的应用  Applica-tions of Brazing Titanium and its Alloys
      9.10.2  锆及锆合金钎焊的应用  Appli-cations of Brazing Zirconium and its Alloys
第10章  铍、镁合金的钎焊  Chapter 10  Brazing of Beryllium，Magnesium Alloys
10.1  铍的钎焊  Brazing of Berylli-um
      10.1.1  铍的钎焊性  Brazability of Beryl-lium
      10.1.2  铍的表面准备  Surface Prepara- tion of Beryllium
      10.1.3  钎焊铍用钎料  Filler Metals for Brazing Beryllium
      10.1.4  钎剂和气氛  Fluxes and Atmos-phere
      10.1.5  铍的钎焊工艺  Brazing Proce-dures of Beryllium
      10.1.6  铍钎焊时应注意的问题  Notes on Brazing of Beryllium
      10.1.7  铍钎焊的应用  Applications
10.2  镁和镁合金的钎焊  Brazing of Magnesium and its Alloys
      10.2.1  镁合金的钎焊性  Brazability of Magnesium Alloys
      10.2.2  镁合金钎焊用钎料  Filler Metals for Brazing Magnesium Alloys
      10.2.3  镁合金钎焊用钎剂  Fluxes for Brazing Magnesium Alloys
      10.2.4  钎焊前表面清理  Surface Clea-ning before Brazing
      10.2.5  镁合金的钎焊过程  Brazing Processes of Magnesium Alloys
      10.2.6  焊后清洗  Post cleaning
第11章  硬质合金的钎焊  Chapter 11  Brazing of Carbides
11.1  概述  Introduction
      11.1.1  硬质合金的分类  Classification of Carbides
      11.1.2  硬质合金的性能和用途  Proper-ties and Applications of Carbides
      11.1.3  硬质合金的冶金特性  The Metal-lurgical Characteristics of Car-bides
11.2  硬质合金工具的钎焊  Brazing of Carbide Tools
      11.2.1  硬质合金工具基体材料的选择  Selection of Substrate for Carbide Tools
      11.2.2  硬质合金工具钎缝的设计  Joint Design of Carbide Tools
      11.2.3  硬质合金工具钎缝的力学性能  Mechanical Properties of the Brazed Carbide Tools Joint
11.3  硬质合金的钎焊性  Brazabili-ty of Carbides
      11.3.1  硬质合金的钎焊润湿性  Brazing Wettability of Carbides
      11.3.2  硬质合金的钎焊内应力  Residual Stress of Brazing Carbides
11.4  钎料与钎剂  Filler Metals and Fluxes
      11.4.1  硬质合金钎焊常用钎料  Conven-tional Filler Metals Used for Bra-zing Carbides
      11.4.2  钎料性能的比较  Property Comparison of the Filler Metals
      11.4.3  选择钎料的方法  Selection of Fill-er Metals
      11.4.4  硬质合金钎焊用钎剂  Fluxes for Brazing Carbides
11.5  硬质合金钎焊工艺  Technique for Brazing Carbides
      11.5.1  硬质合金工具常用钎焊方法  Usual Methods for Brazing Carbide Tools
      11.5.2  钎焊工艺过程及参数确定  Brazing Technical Process and Selection of Technical Parameters
      11.5.3  零件装配、定位与钎料添加  As-sembling and Fixing of Accesso-ries，Feed of Filler Metals
      11.5.4  钎焊的预处理及焊后处理  Pre-treatment and Post-treatment of Brazing Process
      11.5.5  钎焊工艺规程内容  Regula-tions of Brazing Process
11.6  钎焊裂纹的产生机理与预防措施  Formation Mechanism of Cracks and Preventing Meas-ures During Brazing Process
      11.6.1  工具结构引发的裂纹  Cracks Caused by Tool Structure
      11.6.2  热应力引发的裂纹  Cracks Caused by Thermal Stress
      11.6.3  力学性能差异引发的裂纹  Cracks Caused by Difference of Mechani-cal Properties
      11.6.4  前后处理导致的裂纹  Cracks Caused by Pre-treatment and Post-treatment
      11.6.5  预防钎焊裂纹的措施  Preventing Measures for Brazing Cracks
11.7  防止脱焊及提高钎缝强度的措施  Measures for Preventing Brazing Failure and Improving Strength of Brazed Joint
      11.7.1  硬质合金脱焊的原因  Failure Causes during Brazing Carbides
      11.7.2  提高钎缝强度的设计方法  Desig-ning Methods for Improving the Strength of Brazed Joint
      11.7.3  提高钎缝强度的工艺方法  Tech-nical Methods for Improving the Strength of Brazed Joint
      11.7.4  提高钎缝强度的钎焊材料  FillerMetals for Enhancing the Strength of Brazed Joint
11.8  硬质合金工具钎焊实例  Exam-ples of Brazing Carbide Tools
      11.8.1  金属切削刀具的钎焊  Brazing of Metal Cutting Tools
      11.8.2  非金属切削工具的钎焊  Brazing of Non-metal Cutting Tools
      11.8.3  硬质合金模具的钎焊  Brazing of Carbide Dies
      11.8.4  测量器具硬质合金的钎焊  Bra-zing of Carbides Measuring In-struments
      11.8.5  矿用采掘工具的钎焊  Brazing of Excavating Tools Used in Mining
      11.8.6  破碎工具的钎焊  Brazing of Fragmentation Tools
      11.8.7  硬质合金钎具的钎焊  Brazing of Carbide Used in Rock Bit Drill
      11.8.8  盾构机硬质合金工具钎焊  Bra-zing of Carbides Tools Used in Shield Tunneling Machine
      11.8.9  眼镜板的钎焊  Brazing of Wear-Resisting Plate
      11.8.10  硬质合金捣镐的钎焊  Brazing of Beater Pick
      11.8.11  硬质合金修井工具的钎焊  Bra-zing of Work-over Tools
第12章  金刚石工具的钎焊  Chapter 12  Brazing of Diamond Tools
12.1  概述  Introduction
      12.1.1  金刚石及其分类  Diamond and
      12.1.2  金刚石的性能和用途  Properties and Applications of Di-amond
      12.1.3  常用金刚石工具简介[2，6，8，53]  Brief Introduction of Usual Diamond Tools
      12.1.4  金刚石及金刚石工具的钎焊性[9，10，11]  Brazability of Dia-mond and Diamond Tools
12.2  金刚石工具的钎焊特点  Brazing Characteristics of Dia-mond Tools
      12.2.1  金刚石工具的钎焊方法  Brazing Methods for Diamond Tools
      12.2.2  金刚石工具的钎焊温度  Brazing Temperature of Diamond Tools
      12.2.3  金刚石工具的钎缝强度  Strength of Brazed Joints in Dia-mond Tools
      12.2.4  单晶金刚石及单层金刚石工具的钎焊  Brazing of Single Crystal Diamond and Single Layer Diamond Tools
      12.2.5  PCD和PDC的钎焊  Brazing of PCD and PDC
      12.2.6  PCBN工具的钎焊  Brazing of PCBN Tools
      12.2.7  金刚石工具的钎焊工艺过程  Brazing Technical Process of Di-amond Tools
12.3  钎料与钎剂  Filler Metals and Fluxes
      12.3.1  金刚石工具钎焊用钎料  The Filler Metals Used for Brazing Di-amond Tools
      12.3.2  钎料性能比较  Property Compar-ison Among the Filler Metals
      12.3.3  钎料的合理选择  Rational Choice of the Filler Metals
      12.3.4  钎剂的合理配用  Rational Match of the Fluxes
      12.3.5  金刚石单晶和石墨用钎料  Filler Metals Used for Brazing Single Crystal Diamond and Graphite
12.4  金刚石工具脱焊的机理及应对措施  The Failure Mechanism in Brazing Diamond Tools along with its Improving Measures
      12.4.1  钎料强度与脱焊  Strength of Filler Metal and Brazing Failure
      12.4.2  胎体成分与脱焊  Composi-tion of Inlay in Cutting-tip along with Brazing Failure
      12.4.3  钎焊工艺与脱焊  Brazing Technique and Brazing Failure
      12.4.4  工况条件与脱焊  Working Condi-tion with Brazing Failure
      12.4.5  避免脱焊的措施  Measures for Preventing Brazing Failure
12.5  金刚石的热稳定性  Thermal Stability of Diamond
      12.5.1  金刚石的热稳定性  Thermal Stability of Diamond
      12.5.2  包裹体与热稳定性  Influence of Impurities on the Thermal Sta-bility of Diamond
      12.5.3  钎焊过程对金刚石性能的影响  Influence of Brazing Process on the Property of Diamond
12.6  粉状钎料在金刚石工具中的作用  Role of Powder Filler Metal in Brazing Diamond Tools
      12.6.1  胎体对金刚石的把持机理  Fixation of Powder Metals in Inlayon Diamond
      12.6.2  活性元素对金刚石与胎体结合的影响  Effect of Active Elements on the Bonding of Diamond with Inlay
      12.6.3  粉状钎料形式的预合金粉末  Pre-alloyed Powder Used as Pow-der Filler Metal
      12.6.4  粉状钎料对金刚石的把持力  Fixing Strength of Powder Filler Metal on Diamond in Inlay
      12.6.5  粉状钎料提高金刚石工具的使用寿命  Powder Filler Metals En-hance the Service Life of Diamond Tools
      12.6.6  粉状钎料提高金刚石工具的锋利度  Powder Filler Metals Improve Tartness of Diamond Tools
12.7  金刚石工具的钎焊举例  Ex-amples of Brazing Diamond Tools
      12.7.1  热压型石材加工用金刚石锯片的自动感应钎焊  Auto-induction Bra-zing of Diamond Saw for Cutting Thermal Pressed Stone
      12.7.2  烧结型金刚石薄壁钻的感应钎焊  Induction Brazing of Cemented Thin-wall Diamond Drills
      12.7.3  地质类金刚石钻头的浸渍钎焊  Dip Brazing of Natural DiamondDrills
      12.7.4  金属拉丝用聚晶金刚石（PCD）的炉中钎焊  Furnace Brazing of PCD for Metal Wire Drawing
      12.7.5  复合片（PDC）石油钻头的钎焊  Brazing of PDC for Petroleum Drill-tip
      12.7.6  机械加工用金刚石珩磨磨石的电阻钎焊  Resistance Brazing of Dia-mond Grinding Bar Used for Me-chanical Processing
      12.7.7  玻璃加工用金刚石磨边轮的火焰钎焊  Flame Brazing of Diamond Range Grinding Disc for Glass Processing
      12.7.8  金属切削用PCBN的火焰钎焊  Flame Brazing of PCBN for Metal Cutting
12.8  石墨及石墨的钎焊  Graphite and its Brazing
      12.8.1  石墨及其性质  Graphite and its Properties
      12.8.2  石墨的钎焊性  Brazability of Graphite
      12.8.3  石墨与石墨的钎焊  Brazing Graphite to Graphite
12.9  石墨与其他材料的钎焊 Brazing Graphite to other Ma-
      12.9.1  石墨与钼钨的钎焊  Brazing Graphite to Molybdenum and Tungsten
      12.9.2  石墨与陶瓷的钎焊  Brazing Graphite to Ceramics
      12.9.3  石墨与不锈钢的钎焊  Brazing Graphite to Stainless Steel
      12.9.4  石墨与铜的钎焊  Brazing Graph-ite to Copper
第13章  半导体材料硅、砷化镓的钎焊  Chapter 13  Soldering of Semiconductor Materials：Silicon and GaAs
13.1  概述  Introduction
13.2  半导体材料简介  Brief Intro-duction on Semiconductor Ma-terials
      13.2.1  硅的物理、化学特性  Physical and Chemical Properties of Silicon
      13.2.2  砷化镓的物理、化学特性  Physi-cal and Chemical Properties of GaAs
13.3  硅器件的钎焊 Soldering of Silicon Devices
      13.3.1  硅器件用钎料  Solders for Silicon Devices
      13.3.2  焊区金属化层的制备  Prepara-tion of Metallization for Bonding Zone
      13.3.3  硅器件钎焊工艺  Soldering Pro-cedures of Silicon Devices
13.4  砷化镓器件的钎焊  Soldering of GaAs devices
      13.4.1  金属-半导体接触及金属化  Con-tacts of Metal-semiconductor and Metallization
      13.4.2  砷化镓芯片钎焊  Soldering of GaAs Chips
13.5  其他钎焊方法  Other Solde-ring Processes
13.6  半导体器件钎焊的可靠性  Re-liability of Soldering Semicon-ductor Devices
第14章  陶瓷与金属的钎焊  Chapter 14  Brazing of Ceramics to Metal
14.1  概述  Introduction
14.2  常用陶瓷与金属的性能与特点  Characteristics of General Ce-ramics and Metals
      14.2.1  常用陶瓷的性能与特点  Charac-teristics of General Ceramics
      14.2.2  与陶瓷钎焊常用金属材料的性能与特点  Characteristics of Com-mon Metal Materials Brazed with Ceramics
14.3  陶瓷与金属钎焊的主要方法及其材料与工艺  Brazing Processes of Ceramics with Metals and Filler Materials
      14.3.1  间接钎焊法  Two-step Brazing
      14.3.2  直接钎焊法  Direct Brazing
14.4  陶瓷与金属钎焊接头设计 Design of Ceramics/MetalJoints
      14.4.1  陶瓷与金属钎焊接头的基本形式  Basic Types of Joints
      14.4.2  陶瓷与金属钎焊接头设计注意事项  Notes on Design of Joints
14.5  陶瓷与金属钎焊接头的质量检测  Inspections of Ceram-ics/Metal Brazed Joint
      14.5.1  钎焊接头的气密性检测  Leak Test of Brazed Joint
      14.5.2  钎焊接头的强度测试方法  Strength Test of Brazed Joint
14.6  陶瓷与金属钎焊结构应用实例  Applications of Ceramics/Me-tal Brazed Structure
      14.6.1  汽车发动机增压器转子  Ce-ramics/Steel Turbocharger Rotors
      14.6.2  陶瓷/金属摇杆  Ceramic/Metal Rocker Arms
      14.6.3  汽车发动机陶瓷挺柱[  Ceram-ic/Metal Composite Cam Follower
      14.6.4  其他电子器件中采用陶瓷与金属封接的一些实例  Applications of Ceramic/Metal Sealing in Elec-tronic Device
第15章  真空电子器件常用金属的钎焊  Chapter 15  Brazing of Conventional Metals forVacuum Electronic Devices
15.1  概述  Introduction
15.2  真空电子器件钎焊常用金属和钎料  Conventional Metals and Filler Metals for Brazing in Vacuum Electronic Devices
      15.2.1  金属与合金  Metals and Alloys
      15.2.2  钎料  Brazing Filler Metals
15.3  钎焊工艺技术  Brazing Tech-niques
      15.3.1  金属零件的焊前处理  Pre-bra-zing Treatment of Metallic Parts
      15.3.2  钎焊方法与工艺规范  Brazing Processes and Operating Parame-ters
      15.3.3  钎焊用模具、夹具的设计  Design of Fixed Mould for Brazing
      15.3.4  多级钎焊  Multi-step Brazing
15.4  钎焊接头设计  Design of Joints
      15.4.1  钎焊接头基本形式  Basic Types of Joints
      15.4.2  钎焊接头设计注意事项  Notes on Designing Joints
15.5  真空电子器件钎焊接头的气密性检验技术  Leak Testing Techniques for Brazed Joints in Vacuum Electronic Devices
15.6  真空电子器件钎焊应用实例  Applications of Brazing Tech-nique in Vacuum Electronic Devices
      15.6.1  大功率发射管中钎焊的应用  Ap-plications of Brazing in High-pow-er Emitting Tubes
      15.6.2  微波器件中钎焊的应用  Applica-tions of Brazing Technique in Mi-crowave Devices
      15.6.3  医用电子直线加速器中钎焊的应用  Applications of Brazing in Medical Electron Linear Accelerator
第16章  贵金属及其合金的钎焊  Chapter 16  Brazing and Soldering of Precious Metals and their Alloys
16.1  贵金属及其合金的性能和应用  Properties and Applications of Precious Metals and their Alloys
      16.1.1  贵金属及其性能  Precious Metals and their Properties
      16.1.2  贵金属材料的钎焊  Brazing andSoldering of Precious Metal Mate-rials
16.2  贵金属镀层的软钎焊  Solde-ring of Precious Metal Plated on Electronic Devices
      16.2.1  镀银电子器件的钎焊  Soldering of Silver-plated Electronic Devices
      16.2.2  镀金器件的软钎焊  Soldering of Gold-plated Electronic Devices
16.3  贵金属厚膜电路的钎焊  Sold-ering of Precious Metal Thick-film Circuits
      16.3.1  厚膜电路钎焊特点  The Soldering Characteristics of Precious Metal Thick-film Circuits
      16.3.2  各种导电膜的钎焊  Soldering of Electro-conductive Films
      16.3.3  银及其合金导电膜的耐焊性  Sol-derability of Electro-conductive Film on Silver and its Alloys
16.4  贵金属饰品的钎焊  Brazing of Precious Metal Ornaments
      16.4.1  金饰品  Gold Ornaments and their Brazing
      16.4.2  银饰品合金  Alloys of Silver Or-nament
      16.4.3  铂族金属饰品  Brazing of Plati-num Metal Ornaments
16.5  贵金属齿科材料的钎焊  Bra-zing of Dental Materials Made from Precious Metals
      16.5.1  贵金属齿科材料  Dental Materi-als Made from Precious Metals
      16.5.2  齿科钎料  Filler Metals for Bra-zing Dental Materials
      16.5.3  钎焊方法  Brazing Processes of
16.6  贵金属电接触材料的钎焊  Brazing and Soldering of Pre-cious Metal Contactor Materi-als
      16.6.1  贵金属电接触材料  ContactorMaterials Made of Precious Met-als
      16.6.2  钎焊电接触材料用钎料  Filler Metals for Brazing Contactor
      16.6.3  钎焊方法  Brazing and SolderingProcesses of Precious Metals Con-tactor
16.7  其他领域贵金属材料的钎焊  Brazing of Precious Metals Ap-plied in Some other Regions
第17章  复合材料的钎焊  Chapter 17  Brazing and Soldering of Composite Materials
17.1  概述  Introduction
      17.1.1  复合材料的分类  Classification of Composite Materials
      17.1.2  复合材料的特点及应用范围  Characteristics and Applications of Composite Materials
17.2  金属基复合材料的钎焊  Bra-zing and Soldering of Metal-matrix Composite Materials
      17.2.1  金属基复合材料的钎焊特点  Bra-zing and Soldering Characteristics of Metal-matrix Composite Materials
      17.2.2  接头承载能力的评定  Evaluating the Load-carrying Ability of a Joint
      17.2.3  颗粒或短纤维增强铝基复合材料钎焊  Brazing of Particle or Short-fiber Reinforced Aluminum-matrixComposite Materials
      17.2.4  纤维增强铝基复合材料钎焊  Bra-zing and Soldering of Fiber-rein-forced Aluminum-matrix Compos-ite Materials
      17.2.5  纤维增强钛基复合材料的钎焊  Brazing of Fibre-reinforced Tita-nium-matrix Composite Materials
      17.2.6  铜基复合材料与铌的钎焊  Bra-zing of Copper-matrix Compositeto Niobium
17.3  碳/碳复合材料的钎焊  Bra-zing of C/C Composite Materi-als
17.4  陶瓷基复合材料的钎焊  Bra-zing of Ceramic-matrix Com-posites
      17.4.1  金属钎料钎焊  Brazing with Metallic Filler Metals
      17.4.2  硅酸盐钎料钎焊  Brazing with Silicate Filler Metals
      17.4.3  瞬态液相连接  Transient Liquid Phase Bonding
第18章  新型特种材料的钎焊  Chapter 18  Brazing of Advanced Materials
18.1  概述  Introduction
18.2  超导材料的钎焊  Brazing of Superconductors
      18.2.1  Nb-Ti复合超导材料的钎焊  Soldering of Nb-Ti Composite Su-perconductors
      18.2.2  高温超导材料的钎焊  Brazing of High-T Superconductors
      18.2.3  高温超导材料与常规导体的钎焊  Soldering of High-T Superconduc-tors to Normal Conductors
18.3  形状记忆合金的钎焊  Brazing of Shape Memory Alloys
      18.3.1  Ti-Ni形状记忆合金的软钎焊  Soldering of Ti-Ni Shape Memory Alloy
      18.3.2  Ti-Ni形状记忆合金的炉中钎焊
      18.3.3  Ti-Ni形状记忆合金的红外线钎焊  Infrared Brazing of Ti-Ni Shape Memory Alloy
      18.3.4  Ti-Ni形状记忆合金的电阻钎焊  Resistance Brazing of Ti-Ni Shape Memory Alloy
      18.3.5  Ti-Ni形状记忆合金与不锈钢的激光钎焊  Laser Brazing of Ti-Ni Shape Memory Alloy to Stain-less Steel
      18.3.6  Ti-Ni形状记忆合金与不锈钢的TLP扩散焊  TLP Diffusion Bonding of Ti-Ni Shape Memory Alloy to Stainless Steel
18.4  粉末冶金合金的钎焊  Brazing of Powder Metallurgy Alloys
      18.4.1  粉末冶金钢铁合金的钎焊  Bra-zing of P/M Fe-base Materials
      18.4.2  粉末冶金高温合金的钎焊  Bra-zing of P/M Superalloys
      18.4.3  氧化物弥散强化高温合金的钎焊  Brazing of Oxide-disper-sion Strengthened-ODS Alloys
18.5  定向凝固和单晶高温合金的钎焊  Brazing of Directional So-lidification and Single Crystal Superalloys
      18.5.1  连接方法及连接特点  Joining Processes and Joining Character-istics
      18.5.2  定向凝固和单晶合金的真空钎焊  Vacuum Brazing of Directional So-lidification and Single Crystal Su-peralloys
      18.5.3  定向凝固和单晶合金的TLP连接  TLP Bonding of Directional Solidi-fication and Single Crystal Super-alloys
      18.5.4  单晶高温合金的快速外延高温钎焊  Fast Epitaxial HighTemperature Brazing of SingleCrystal Superalloys
18.6  金属间化合物结构材料的钎焊Brazing of Intermetallic Com-pounds
      18.6.1  Ni-Al系金属间化合物的钎焊与TLP连接  Brazing and TLP Bonding of Ni-Al Intermetallic Compounds
      18.6.2  Ti-Al系金属间化合物的钎焊  Brazing of Ti-Al Intermetallic Compounds
18.7  铝锂合金的钎焊  Brazing of Al-Li Alloys
      18.7.1  铝锂合金的钎焊特点  Brazing Characteristics of Al-Li Alloys
      18.7.2  焊前表面清理方法  Preparation Procedures of Surface to be Brazed
      18.7.3  钎料及使用方法  Filler Metals
      18.7.4  钎焊工艺及接头性能  Brazing Process and Joint Properties
第19章  锌及锌合金的钎焊  Chapter 19  Brazing and Soldering of Zinc and its Alloy
19.1  概述  Introduction
19.2  锌及锌合金的物理和化学性能  Physical and Chemical Proper-ties of Zinc and its Alloys
      19.2.1  锌的物理和力学性能  Physical and Mechanical Properties of Zinc and its Alloys
      19.2.2  锌的化学性能  Chemical Proper-ties of Zinc and its Alloys
19.3  锌及锌合金的钎焊  Soldering of Zinc and its Alloys
      19.3.1  锌钎料  Solders for Zinc Solde-ring
      19.3.2  锌钎剂  Fluxes for Zinc Soldering
第20章  异种金属的钎焊  Chapter 20  Brazing of Dissimilar Metals
20.1  概述  Introduction
20.2  铝和铜的钎焊  Brazing of Aluminum with Copper
      20.2.1  钎焊特性  Brazability of Alumi-num and Copper
      20.2.2  钎焊材料与工艺  Brazing Filler Materials and Processes
      20.2.3  典型铝铜结构的钎焊  Brazing of Typical Al-Cu Structures
20.3  铝和钛的钎焊  Brazing of Aluminum with Titanium
      20.3.1  铝和钛合金的钎焊特性  Braz-ability of Aluminum and Titanium Alloy
      20.3.2  钎焊材料和工艺  Brazing Filler Materials and Processes
      20.3.3  典型铝钛结构的钎焊  Brazing of Typical Al-Ti Structures
20.4  铝和不锈钢的钎焊  Brazing of Aluminum Alloy with Stainless Steel
      20.4.1  钎焊特性  Brazability of Alumi-num with Stainless Steel
      20.4.2  钎焊材料和工艺  Brazing Filler Materials and Processes
      20.4.3  典型结构的钎焊  Brazing of the Typical Structures
20.5  钛和不锈钢的钎焊  Brazing of Titanium with Stainless Steel
      20.5.1  钎焊特性  Brazability of Titanium Alloy and Stainless Steel
      20.5.2  钎焊材料和工艺  Brazing Filler Materials and Processes
      20.5.3  典型结构的钎焊  Brazing of the Typical Structures
第21章  钎涂  Chapter 21  Brazecoating
21.1  概述  Introduction
21.2  钎涂原理和钎涂材料  Principle of Brazecoating and Brazecoat-ing Materials
21.3  加热方法和参数  Heating Methods and Parameters
21.4  钎涂层的性能  Properties of Brazecoated Layers
      21.4.1  线胀系数  Coefficients of Thermal Expansion
      21.4.2  结合强度  Bonding Strength
      21.4.3  钎涂层组织  Structure of Brazecoated Layer
      21.4.4  硬度  Hardness
      21.4.5  耐磨性  Wear Behaviour
第22章  钎焊技术在工业产品中的应用  Chapter 22  Applications of Brazing Technique in Industrial Products
22.1  概述  Introduction
22.2  钎焊技术在航空工业中的应用  Applications of Brazing Technique in Aircraft Industry
22.3  钎焊技术在航天工业中的应用  Applications of Brazing Technique in Astronautical In-dustry
      22.3.1  钎焊在液体火箭发动机制造中的应用  Brazing Technique Applied in Making Liquid Propellant Rocket-engine
      22.3.2  钎焊技术在卫星制造中的应用  Applications of Brazing Technique in Satellite Manufacture
      22.3.3  钎焊技术在宇宙飞船制造中的应用  Applications of Brazing Tech-nique in Spacecraft Manufacture
      22.3.4  钎焊技术在航天飞机制造中的应用  Applications of Brazing Tech-nique in Space Shuttle Manufac-ture
      22.3.5  钎焊技术在空间站上的应用  Ap-plications of Brazing Technique in Space Station
      22.3.6  钎焊技术在航天领域中的其他应用  Other Applications of Brazing Technique in Space Field
22.4  钎焊技术在电子工业中的应用  Applications of BrazingTechnique in Electronic Indus-try
22.5  钎焊技术在核工业中的应用  Applications of Brazing Tech-nique in Nuclear Industry
22.6  钎焊技术在汽车工业中的应用  Applications of BrazingTechnique in Automobile In-dustry
22.7  钎焊技术在家电工业中的应用  Applications of Brazing Technique in the Industry of Electrical Household Appliances
22.8  钎焊技术在机械工业中的应用  Applications of Brazing Tech-nique in Machinery Industry
22.9  钎焊技术在轻工业中的应用  Applications of Brazing Tech-nique in Light Industry
22.10  钎焊技术在石油和煤炭工业中的应用  Applications of Bra-zing Technique in Petroleum and Coal Industry
      22.10.1  钎焊技术在石油工业中的应用  Applications of Brazing Tech-nique in Petroleum Industry
      22.10.2  钎焊技术在煤炭工业中的应用  Brazing Technique Applied in Producing Coal-cutting Tools
22.11  钎焊技术在电机、电器和仪器仪表工业中的应用  Applica-tions of Brazing Technique in Electric Machine，Electric and Instrument Industry
      22.11.1  电机  Electric Machines
      22.11.2  电器  Electrics
      22.11.3  仪器仪表  Instruments
22.12  其他应用  Other Applications
      22.12.1  船舶  Shipping
      22.12.2  机车车辆  Locomotive and Vehicle
      22.12.3  能源  Energy
      22.12.4  纺织  Spin
      22.12.5  建筑  Construction
第23章  钎焊方法及设备  Chapter 23  Brazing（Soldering）Methods and Equipments
23.1  概述  Introduction
23.2  钎焊方法  Brazing（Solde-ring）Methods
      23.2.1  钎焊方法分类  Classification of Brazing（Soldering）Methods
      23.2.2  常用钎焊方法的特点及应用  Characteristics and Application of Brazing and Soldering Methods
      23.2.3  各种钎焊方法的选择  Choice of Different Brazing and Soldering Methods
23.3  钎焊设备  Brazing（Soldering）Equipments
      23.3.1  软钎焊设备  Soldering Equip-ments
      23.3.2  硬钎焊设备  Brazing Equipments
第24章  钎焊操作中的安全与防护  Chapter 24  Safety and Health Protection in Brazing Operations
24.1  概述  Introduction
24.2  火焰钎焊操作安全与防护  Safety and Health Protection in Torch Brazing
24.3  浸渍钎焊操作安全与防护  Safety and Health Protectionin Dip Brazing
24.4  感应钎焊操作安全与防护  Safety and Health Protection in Induction Brazing
24.5  炉中钎焊操作安全与防护  Safety and Health Protection in Furnace Brazing
24.6  特种钎焊操作安全与防护  Safety and Health Protection in the Special Brazing
24.7  通风和对毒物的防护  Ventila-tion and Protection of Poisons
24.8  钎剂使用的安全与防护  Safe-ty and Health Protection of Fluxes
24.9  钎焊安全生产管理  SafetyProduction Management inBrazing
第25章  钎焊试验方法及钎焊标准  Chapter 25  Test Procedures and Standards of Brazing and Soldering
25.1  概述  Introduction
25.2  钎焊材料试验方法  Test Proce-dures of Filler Metals and Solders
      25.2.1  钎料润湿性试验方法  Test Proce-dures of Wettability for Brazing Filler Metals
      25.2.2  试验钎缝强度以评估钎料的钎焊力学性能  Evaluation of MechanicalProperties of Fillets by Joint Testing
      25.2.3  钎料电阻率试验方法  Resistance Measurement of Filler Metals
      25.2.4  钎料固-液相线温度区间的测定方法  Determination of Solidus-liq-uidus Temperature Range for a Filler Metal
      25.2.5  电子器件用金、银及其合金钎料试验方法  Test procedures of Gold，Silver and their Alloys Used for Brazing Electronic Devices
      25.2.6  软钎料试验方法及软钎焊性试验方法  Test Procedures of Solders and their Solderability
      25.2.7  钎剂试验方法  Test Procedures for Fluxes
      25.2.8  钎焊工艺性能评价方法的新发展  New Development of Evaluation Methods for Brazing Processing Properties
25.3  钎焊接头试验方法  Methods of the Strength Test for Brazed and Soldered Joints
      25.3.1  钎焊接头强度试验方法  Proce-dures of Strength Test for Brazed and Soldered Joint
      25.3.2  钎焊接头弯曲试验及撕裂试验方法  Procedures of Bending and Tearing Test for Brazed and Sold-ered Joints
      25.3.3  金相检验方法  Procedures of Metallographic Examination
      25.3.4  钎焊接头无损检测方法  Non-destructive Inspection Procedures for Brazed Joint
25.4  国内外钎焊标准  Standards for Brazing and Soldering at Home and Abroad
      25.4.1  中国钎焊标准  Standards for Brazing and Soldering in China
      25.4.2  ISO钎焊标准  ISO Standards for Brazing and Soldering
      25.4.3  美国钎焊标准  Standards for Brazing and Soldering in U.S.A
      25.4.4  日本钎焊标准[10]  Standards for Brazing and Soldering inJapan
      25.4.5  欧洲钎焊标准  Standards for Brazing and Soldering in Eu-rope
      25.4.6  俄罗斯钎焊标准  Standardsfor Brazing and Soldering in Rus-sia
      25.4.7  电子电路互联与封装协会（IPC）标准  Standards of the Institute In-terconnecting and Packaging Elec-tronic Circuits（IPC）
附录  Appendix
附录A  我国几种常用钎料新旧牌号对照  Appendix A  Corresponding New-old Designations of Some Conventional Filler Metals in China
附录B  美国焊接学会（AWS）硬钎料和钎剂（表B-1～表B-14）  Appendix B  Specification for Brazing Filler Metal and Fluxes（AWS）
附录C  国际标准化组织（ISO）钎料（表C-1～表C-9）（ISO 9453：2006；ISO/CD 17672：2007）  Appendix C  Specification for Filler Metals（ISO）
附录D  实用钎料的成分和熔程  Appendix D  Compositions and Melting Ranges of Probably Used Filler Metals

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