注释:
• [1] Calculated from R. Fitzpatrick and T. Charandola, "Health", in A.H. Halsey and J. Webb (eds), Twentieth-Century British Social Trends, Macmillan 2000, table 3.8.
• [2] M. Marmot, The Status Syndrome, Bloomsbury 2004.
• [3] A. Maddison, Contours of the World Economy, 1-2030 AD, Oxford University Press 2007, table A5.
•[4] UNDP, Human Development Report 2007/8, Geneva 2007, table 10.
• [5] A joint Bristol and Sheffield University study, reported on the BBC News 29.4.2005.
• [6] WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health, Closing the Gap in a Generation, WHO 2008, table 2.1; M. Marmot, "Social determinants of health inequalities", Lancet, Vol. 365, issue 9464, pp1099-1104.
• [7] UNDP 2007, op cit, table 10.
•[8] Maddison, op cit, table A5; UNDP 2007, op cit, table 14.
• [9] T. Piketty, "Top Incomes Over the Twentieth Century: A Summary of Main Findings", in A.B. Atkinson and T. Piketty (eds), Top Incomes over the Twentieth Century, Oxford University Press 2007, p12.
• [10] Office for National Statistics, Survey of Personal Incomes 2006-07, updated in December 2008, table 3.1.
• [11] Historical data from Maddison, op cit, table 5.9b; executive pay, IDS Directors' Pay Report 2008, www.incomesdata.co.uk; median earnings from ONS, C. Dobbs, Patterns of pay: results of the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings 1997 to 2008. In fairness, it should be added that in 1688 the very top, the temporal lords, appropriated 400 times higher income than labourers.
• [12] www.forbes.com/forbes/2009, accessed 12.3.2009.
• [13] Marmott 2004, op cit, p196.
• [14] Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income report, release, 7 May 2009.
• [15] Atkinson and Piketty, op cit.
• [16] G. Tett, "Lost through destructive creation", Financial Times, 10.3.09, p11.
• [17] UNDP 2007, op cit, table 28.
• [18] OECD, Growing Unequal?, OECD 2008, p37.
•[19] B. Milanovic, "Even higher inequality than previously thought: a note on global inequality calculations using the 2005 international comparison program results", International Journal of Health Services, Vol. 38: 3 2008, table 2; UNDP 2007, op cit, table 15.
• [20] OECD 2008, op cit, p52.
• [21] OECD, Society at a Glance, OECD 2007.
• [22] K. Schwab and M. Porter, The Global Competitiveness Report 2007-2008, World Economic Forum 2007, table 4.
译自:The killing fields of inequality Göran Therborn
http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2009-10-02-therborn-en.html
作者简介:
戈兰•泰尔朋(Goran Therborn),剑桥大学社会学系教授。
译注:本文的翻译得到作者戈兰•泰尔朋教授的授权和帮助,特此致谢。 |