《风力发电双馈感应电机的分析、建模与控制》（瑞典2005年博士论文）

csugenius

瑞典CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY博士学位论文

Analysis, Modeling and Control of Doubly-Fe
Induction Generators for Wind Turbines

风力发电机组双馈感应电机的分析、建模与控制

值得大家看看的国外论文

csugenius

Abstract iii
Acknowledgements v
Table of Contents vii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 ReviewofRelatedResearch ......................... 2
1.2 PurposeandContributions .......................... 4
1.3 ListofPublications .............................. 5
2 Wind Energy Systems 7
2.1 WindEnergyConversion........................... 7
2.1.1 Wind Distribution ........................... 7
2.1.2 Aerodynamic Power Control . . ................... 8
2.1.3 Aerodynamic Conversion ....................... 8
2.2 WindTurbineSystems ............................ 9
2.2.1 Fixed-Speed Wind Turbine . . . ................... 11
2.2.2 Variable-Speed Wind Turbine . ................... 11
2.2.3 Variable-Speed Wind Turbine with Doubly-Fed Induction Generator 12
2.3 Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Systems for Wind Turbines . ....... 13
2.3.1 Equivalent Circuit of the Doubly-Fed Induction Generator . . . . . 14
2.3.2 Power Flow . . . ........................... 16
2.3.3 Stator-to-Rotor Turns Ratio . . ................... 17
2.3.4 Lowering Magnetizing Losses . ................... 18
2.3.5 Other Types of Doubly-Fed Machines . ............... 19
3EnergyEfficiency ofWind Turbines 23
3.1 DeterminationofPowerLosses........................ 23
3.1.1 Aerodynamic Losses . . ....................... 23
3.1.2 Gearbox Losses . ........................... 24
3.1.3 Induction Generator Losses . . ................... 24
3.1.4 Converter Losses ........................... 26
3.1.5 Total Losses . . ........................... 28
3.2 Energy Production of the DFIG System ................... 29
3.2.1 Investigation of the Influence of the Converter’s Size on the Energy
Production . . . ........................... 29
3.2.2 Reduction of Magnetizing Losses . ................. 31
3.3 ComparisontoOtherWindTurbineSystems................. 31
3.4 Discussion . . ................................. 33
3.5 Conclusion .................................. 34
4 Control of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator System 35
4.1 Introduction . ................................. 35
4.1.1 Space Vectors ............................. 35
4.1.2 Power and Reactive Power in Terms of Space Vectors . . . ..... 36
4.1.3 Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)-Type Estimator ............. 36
4.1.4 Internal Model Control (IMC) . . . ................. 37
4.1.5 “Active Damping” . ......................... 38
4.1.6 Saturation and Integration Anti-Windup . . ............. 40
4.1.7 Discretization ............................. 40
4.2 Mathematical Models of the DFIG System . ................. 41
4.2.1 Machine Model . . . ......................... 41
4.2.2 Grid-Filter Model . . ......................... 43
4.2.3 DC-Link Model . . . ......................... 44
4.2.4 Summary . . ............................. 45
4.3 FieldOrientation ............................... 45
4.3.1 Stator-Flux Orientation . . . ..................... 45
4.3.2 Grid-Flux Orientation . . . ..................... 46
4.4 ControlofMachine-SideConverter...................... 47
4.4.1 Current Control . . . ......................... 47
4.4.2 Torque Control . . . ......................... 50
4.4.3 Speed Control . . . ......................... 50
4.4.4 Reactive Power Control . . ..................... 52
4.4.5 Sensorless Operation ......................... 54
4.5 ControlofGrid-SideConverter........................ 55
4.5.1 Current Control of Grid Filter . . . ................. 56
4.5.2 DC-Link Voltage Control . . ..................... 56
5 Evaluation of the Current Control of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators 59
5.1 Stability Analysis . . ............................. 59
5.1.1 Stator-Flux-Oriented System ..................... 59
5.1.2 Grid-Flux-Oriented System ..................... 64
5.1.3 Conclusion . ............................. 66
5.2 Influence of Erroneous Parameters on Stability . . ............. 66
5.2.1 Leakage Inductance, Lσ ....................... 67
5.2.2 Stator and Rotor Resistances, Rs and RR .............. 67
5.3 ExperimentalEvaluation ........................... 70
5.3.1 Comparison Between Stator-Flux and Grid-Flux-Oriented System . 71
5.4 ImpactofStatorVoltageSagsontheCurrentControlLoop......... 71
5.4.1 InfluenceofErroneousParameters.................. 73
5.4.2 Generation Capability During Voltage Sags ............. 74
5.5 FluxDamping................................. 74
5.5.1 Stator-Flux Orientation . . . ..................... 76
5.5.2 Grid-Flux Orientation . ....................... 76
5.5.3 Parameter Selection . . ....................... 76
5.5.4 Evaluation . . . ........................... 77
5.5.5 Response to Symmetrical Voltage Sags ............... 77
5.6 Conclusion .................................. 79
6 Evaluation of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Systems 81
6.1 Reduced-Order Model . ........................... 81
6.2 Discretization of the Doubly-Fed Induction Generator . ........... 81
6.2.1 Stator-Flux Orientation . ....................... 82
6.2.2 Grid-Flux Orientation . ....................... 82
6.3 Response to Grid Disturbances . ....................... 83
6.4 ImplementationinGridSimulationPrograms ................ 87
6.5 Summary ................................... 88
7 Voltage Sag Ride-Through of Variable-SpeedWind Turbines 89
7.1 VoltageSags.................................. 90
7.1.1 Symmetrical Voltage Sags . . . ................... 90
7.1.2 Unsymmetrical Voltage Sags . . ................... 90
7.2 Full-PowerConverter............................. 92
7.2.1 Analysis ............................... 92
7.2.2 Discussion . . . ........................... 98
7.2.3 Evaluation . . . ........................... 99
7.2.4 Conclusion . . . ........................... 100
7.3 Doubly-Fed Induction Generator with Shunt Converter ........... 102
7.3.1 Response to Small Voltage Sags ................... 103
7.3.2 Response to Large Voltage Sags ................... 110
7.3.3 Candidate Ride-Through System ................... 111
7.3.4 Evaluation of the Ride-Through System ............... 114
7.4 Doubly-Fed Induction Generator with Series Converter ........... 118
7.4.1 Possible System Configurations ................... 118
7.4.2 System Modeling ........................... 120
7.4.3 Control . ............................... 123
7.4.4 Speed Control Operation ....................... 125
7.4.5 Response to Voltage Sags . . . ................... 126
7.4.6 Steady-State Performance . . . ................... 127
7.4.7 Discussion and Conclusion . . . ................... 131
7.5 Conclusion .................................. 132
8 Flicker Reduction of Stalled-Controlled Wind Turbines using Variable Rotor
Resistances 133
8.1 Modeling . . . . ............................... 133
8.1.1 Reduced-Order Model . ....................... 134
8.2 CurrentControl ................................ 135
8.2.1 Evaluation . . . ........................... 138
8.3 ReferenceValueSelection .......................... 139
8.3.1 Evaluation . . . ........................... 140
8.4 Evaluation................................... 141
8.4.1 Flicker Contribution ......................... 143
8.4.2 Flicker Reduction . . ......................... 144
8.5 Conclusion .................................. 145
9 Conclusion 147
9.1 FutureResearch................................ 148
References 149
A Nomenclature 159
B Data and Experimental Setup 163
B.1 DataoftheDFIG............................... 163
B.2 LaboratorySetup ............................... 164
B.2.1 Data of the Induction Generator . . ................. 164
B.3 Jung Data Acquisition Setup ......................... 165

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